High Intensity Interval Training Tip | Upper Body Strength | Maximize Fat Burning- Thomas DeLauer

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High Intensity Interval Training Tip | Upper Body Strength | Maximize Fat Burning- Thomas DeLauer…

Study - Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy:
Looked at the cardiac autonomic responses during upper versus lower limb resistance exercise in healthy elderly men.

Design:
Ten volunteers underwent the one-repetition maximum (1RM) test to determine the maximum load for the bench press and the leg press. Discontinuous RE was initiated at a load of 10% 1RM with subsequent increases of 10% until 30% 1RM, followed by increases of 5% 1RM until exhaustion.

Results:
Parasympathetic indices decreased significantly in both exercises from 30% 1RM compared to rest and HR increased (69 to 90 bpm for upper and 66 to 89 bpm for lower.) Cardiac autonomic change occurred from 30% of 1RM regardless of RE limb - however, there was more pronounced sympathetic increase and vagal decrease for upper limb exercise than for lower limb exercise.

Why This Is:
Upper limb RE generates different cardiovascular responses compared to lower limb exercise. Upper limb exercise leads to higher blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) than lower limb exercise due to a higher work component and elevated peripheral resistance caused by reduced active muscle mass. In addition, upper limb exercise also induces greater perceived exertion compared to leg exercise at the same relative workload.

Peripheral Vascular Resistance & Hemodynamic Demand:
As mentioned, upper and lower body exercise produce significantly different blood pressure and heart rate values at similar cardiac outputs. The greater peripheral resistance could possibly be due to the greater hemoconcentration elicited by arm-crank exercise than that elicited by cycling. Peripheral vascular resistance is the resistance that must be overcome to push blood through the circulatory system and create flow. Blood pressure is increased with upper limb exercise since the muscle contractions increase the peripheral vascular resistance to a greater degree than what is found in lower limb muscle contraction. This is because muscle volume has an impact, and the muscles in the upper limbs are generally smaller in volume than those in the LE. In other words, exercises have a blood flow redistribution component - arterial dilation is seen in places being exercised and constriction in places where no activity is carried on. In upper limb exercises, blood is redirected to this area and the amount decreases in lower limbs - therefore smallest blood vessels are containing a bigger amount of blood. The heart has to increase its contraction strength to deliver blood to upper limbs.

*Simply that the blood vessels in the upper body are smaller which means the heart has to work harder to pump blood*

Note: In arm exercise, the relative obstructed area is greater than in leg exercise and this is another aspect that may explain the higher sympathetic modulation in upper limb exercise.
References:
1) Cardiac autonomic responses during upper versus lower limb resistance exercise in healthy elderly men. (2014, January). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4183232/

2) Tulppo MP , et al. (n.d.). Differences in autonomic modulation of heart rate during arm and leg exercise. - PubMed - NCBI. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10451789/

3) Kang J , et al. (n.d.). Physiological responses to upper body exercise on an arm and a modified leg ergometer. - PubMed - NCBI. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10527319

4) Volianitis S , et al. (n.d.). Effect of fitness on arm vascular and metabolic responses to upper body exercise. - PubMed - NCBI. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14684372

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