Caves, arches, stacks and stumps formation | 2024 GCSE Geography Exams #gcse #geography #coast

2024 GCSE Geography exams are just 74 days away! Join me as we cover 90 facts in 90 days! Today's topic... the formation of caves, arches, stacks and stumps!

Some of the most recognisable coastal landforms include caves and arches. These begin from cracks in the headland. Processes such as hydraulic action and abrasion erode these cracks, causing them to widen. Over time, the crack eventually widens up to form a cave. This cave continues to be eroded and eventually breaks through to the other side of the headland, forming an arch. The base of the arch continues to be eroded while weathering processes act on the roof of the arch, eventually causing the roof to collapse, leaving behind a stack. The base of stacks are eroded until they are undercut and collapse, forming a stump.

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