Scalene Muscles | Scalene Hiatus - Anatomy Tutorial

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The scalene muscles originate from the transverse processes from the cervical vertebrae of C2 to C7 and insert onto the first and second ribs.
They are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the anterior scalene, middle scalene, and posterior scalene.
The anterior scalene muscle arises from anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3, C4,
C5, and C6 vertebrae. Its fibers runs down almost vertically to be inserted into the scalene tubercle of the first rib, anterior to the groove for subclavian artery. It is supplied by the ventral rami of C5 and C6.
The middle scalene muscle is the largest of the three scalene muscles. Originates from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower six cervical vertebrae. It descends along the side of vertebral column to be inserted into the upper surface of the first rib , posterior to the subclavian groove. It is innervated by ventral rami of C3-C8.
The posterior scalene muscle is the smallest and most deeply seated of the scalene muscles. Originates from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lowest three cervical vertebrae, and attaches into the second rib. It is innervated by ventral rami of C6-C8.
Between the anterior and middle scalene muscles we have a space called the scalene hiatus. Through this space passes the subclavian artery and trunks of brachial plexus.
The subclavian vein passes anterior to the insertion of the anterior scalene muscle. On the anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle runs downward the phrenic nerve.

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