2nd Pharyngeal Arch and its derivatives | Embryology Tutorial

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The second pharyngeal arch , also called The hyoid arch, appears during the 4th week of development and is situated distally to the first pharyngeal arch and laterally to the primitive pharynx.
On a cross section the second paryngeal arch presents the typical features of a pharyngeal arch.
A core of mesoderm covered internally by endoderm and externally by ectoderm. A cartilage, a nerve, and an aortic arch.
In the structure of the second pharyngeal arch is the Reichert’s Cartilage. This cartilage contributes to the formation of the following structures:
Lesser cornu and upper part of the body of the hyoid bone,
The Styloid process of the temporal bone,
Stylohyoid ligament,
And Stapes.
The nerve of the second pharyngeal arch is the facial nerve.
The facial nerve innervates all the following muscles derived from the second pharyngeal arch:
Occipitofrontalis muscle,
Platysma muscle,
Facial muscles,
Auricular muscles,
Stylohyoid ,
Posterior belly of digastric,
And the stapedius muscle.
The artery of the second pharyngeal arch is the second aortic arch, which gives origin to the hyoid artery and its branch, the stapedial artery. The stapedial artery atrophies while remnants of the hyoid artery persist in adults as the caroticotympanic arteries.

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