Basic Argumentation (GMAT Focus Edition – Verbal Reasoning Content and Tactics)

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Identifying Argument Tasks
- Approximately 85% Argumentation Tasks | 15% Inference Task
- Argument Tasks Apply New Information from Choices to Prompt
- Note “Argument”, “Conclusion”, or Synonyms to Indicate Argument Task
- Numerous Possible Tasks Affecting or Addressing Conclusion

Strategic Implications
- Note Clues in Question Stem to Help Identify both Task and Possibly Main Conclusion
- Limit to Single Reread of Question Stem and / or Argument Prompt
- If Cannot Readily Identify Question Task or Main Conclusion 🡪 Immediately Move to Elimination and Guessing in less than :30

Top Four Argument Tasks
- Strengthen
- Weaken
- Identify Assumption
- Identify Flaw

Ancillary Argument Tasks
- Explain (Paradox)
- Evaluate (Helpful Information)
- Identify Boldfaced Roles
- Point(s) at Issue
- Method of Argument(s)

Identifying Conclusions

First Eliminate Any Clear Statements of Fact as Potential Conclusions
- Presented as Objective without Requiring Interpretation
- No Specific Outside Knowledge Ever Needed to Evaluate Facts
- Only Universal Knowledge and Explicit Statements Can be Applied
- At Most Two Statements Should be Possibly Subjective and not Facts

Then Consider Two Remaining Statements A & B
- Evaluate Relationship as Providing or Requiring Support
- Statement Requiring Support is the Main Conclusion
- If Statement A Supports Statement B; Statement B is the Conclusion
- If Statement B Supports Statement A; Statement A is the Conclusion

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