Marshmallow Test || Walter Mischel || Stanford University || Instant Gratification

Marshmallow Experiment

"The Marshmallow Test" Book : https://amzn.to/3aZWSyH
Full Video of Marshmallow Experiment : https://youtu.be/y7t-HxuI17Y
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Welcome to perspective

Today we will talk about Marshmallow Test.

An interesting experiment conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel,
a professor at Stanford University, which began in the 1960s.
He wanted to understand how willpower and our ability to delay
gratification works in our everyday life.

The experiment was like this, the professor took 4-year-old children alone in a room with a marshmallow. Marshmallow is a kind of American sweet.
The psychologist asked those children, do you want a marshmallow?
kid says yes I want a marshmallow! The psychologist asked, do you want two marshmallows?
kid says yes I want two marshmallows! so all right you can eat this marshmallow now but,
if you wait for me, I will go out of this room for some time,
if you don't eat the marshmallow until I come back,
I will give you one more so you can have two, and they both be yours.
however if you eat the marshmallow before I'm back, I'll not give you a second one...
a hidden camera in the room shows the temptation in this kid's face.

someone smelled the marshmallow, someone leaks the marshmallow,
someone eats tiny pieces of the marshmallow hoping no one notices.
And actually, two out of three kids end up eating the marsmallow before the 15 minutes are over.

The interesting thing is, all of them said we will wait for two marshmallows and some of them did wait,
some of them did not. And please remember they are 4 year old,
so for 4-year-old kid to wait for 15 minutes also is torture.
More than 550 children were given the marshmallow test between 1968 and 1974.

After this, Walter Mischel divided the two groups on pen and paper not tell the children anything...

14 years later he went back to those children and he found amazing differences between the two groups.
He went and interviewed their parents, their classmates, their teachers and he found those children
who were able to control themselves, on the average, they did better in academics, in co-curricular
activities, in sports they were regarded as more confident, self-controlled, they are more successful,
they have higher income, lower drug addiction rate, higher SAT scores, and were better at maintaining
close relationships. And the other group gets significantly lower SAT scores.

It's amazing just a small thing, little bit of self-restraint,
I want to do this and I do it and the other person says, I want to do this,
but I can't do it, just this difference. How is it that our ability to delay
gratification with a simple test of will power in childhood can predict so
much of how our lives play out.

What we have in the brain, that is different from animals, is, we understand time.
We understand the future. We constantly daydream, we scheme, we plot,
we constantly think about what could be. Now let's experiment.
Try to teach your dog or any other animal, the concept of tomorrow.
Try it. About the next week, the next year. And you realize, you can't.
Animals live in the present. And that's what intelligence is.
Intelligence is being able to map the future, simulate the future.
And that's what we humans do that animal cannot.

Thank You.

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