What do atoms look like?

What do atoms look like?
𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗲𝘅:
⏲ 0:00 Size of nucleus
⏲ 0:25 Atomic orbitals
⏲ 0:53 s, p, d orbitals
⏲ 1:33 Electron configuration
⏲ 2:42 Examples...

📫𝐎𝐮𝐫 𝐅𝐁 𝐏𝐚𝐠𝐞:
https://www.facebook.com/ScienceWorld-106933907791981

🎧𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰:
Undercover Vampire Policeman by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/uvp/
Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/

📚𝐃𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐝'𝐬 𝐁𝐨𝐨𝐤𝐬
📕 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗿𝗱 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝗵𝘀: 𝗔𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗜𝗻𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝘆𝗼𝗻𝗱
(https://www.amazon.com/Weird-Maths-Agnijo-Banerjee-Darling/dp/1786072645)
📙 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝗵𝘀: 𝗔𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲
(https://www.amazon.com/Weirder-Maths-At-Edge-Possible/dp/1786075083/)
📗 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗿𝗱𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝗵𝘀: 𝗔𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗼𝗻
(https://www.amazon.com/Weirdest-Maths-David-Darling/dp/1786078058/)
** The kindle versions are available
*** For more details : http://weirdmaths.com/

📄𝐓𝐞𝐱𝐭:
As you know an atom consists of a nucleus where protons and neutrons are located, and orbitals where electrons are located. Roughly speaking, if an atom were the size of a football stadium, the nucleus would be about the size of a pea. So, essentially, the appearance of an atom is determined by the orbitals of its electrons.

An orbital is a mathematical function that indicates the regions where there’s a high probability of finding electrons. A hydrogen atom, for example, has just 1 electron. If we calculate the wave function for hydrogen, the electron can be found in these places. We can show these places simply as a sphere. So hydrogen atoms look like spheres.

Orbitals have different energy levels and shapes. They’re denoted by the letters s, p, d, f, g, h, and i. Let’s look at the shapes of orbitals. This is the p orbital and it consists of 3 distinct orbitals, px, py and pz. This is the d orbital and it consists of 5 separate orbitals, dxy, dxz, dyz, dx2y2 and dz2.

We can see how the electrons of an atom are distributed in their orbitals by referring to the electron configuration. Full orbitals are indicated by 1s22s22p63s23p6… and so on. The first number represents the energy level of the orbital, the letter represents the orbital, and the exponent represents the number of electrons in the orbital. The electron configuration of hydrogen is just 1s1.

If we now look at lithium, neutral lithium atoms have 3 electrons, and the electron configuration is 1s22s1. This means lithium has two s orbitals. The lower energy s orbital (1s) has 2 electrons and the higher energy orbital (2s) has 1 electron. It looks like this.

Now we can see what atoms look like.

#atom #look #like

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