Pharmacology of Sodium Cromoglycate (Cromolyn Sodium) ; Mechanism of action, Pharmacokinetics, Uses

Sodium Cromoglycate, also known as Cromolyn Sodium, is a mast cell stabilizer used primarily for allergic conditions and asthma prophylaxis2.

Mechanism of Action
Prevents mast cell degranulation, reducing the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators.

Inhibits chloride channels, reducing exaggerated neuronal reflexes triggered by irritants.

Blocks calcium influx, preventing activation of inflammatory cells.

Does not possess direct bronchodilator properties, but helps prevent allergic bronchial reactions.

Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Poorly absorbed after intranasal administration; deposited in the lungs (8-10%) and rapidly absorbed.

Excretion: Eliminated unchanged via urine and bile.

Onset & Duration: Used prophylactically rather than for immediate relief.

Indications
Asthma prophylaxis (not for acute attacks).

Allergic rhinitis and hay fever.

Prevention of bronchospasm triggered by exercise, cold air, allergens, or pollutants.

Conjunctivitis (ophthalmic use).

Systemic mastocytosis and ulcerative colitis (oral use).

Side Effects
Throat irritation, bad taste, cough, wheezing.

Bronchospasm, nasal congestion, pharyngeal irritation.

Rare cases of anaphylaxis and angioedema.

Contraindications & Precautions
Hypersensitivity to the drug or its components.

Sudden withdrawal may trigger allergic symptoms.

Use with caution in pregnancy, breastfeeding, and children

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