leukoderma or vitiligo (Loss of Skin Pigmentation) ; Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Leukoderma and vitiligo are terms often used interchangeably, but they have subtle distinctions. Here's an overview:

Leukoderma
Definition: Refers to localized white patches of skin caused by the loss of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color.

Causes:

Autoimmune diseases (e.g., vitiligo).

Physical trauma (e.g., burns or cuts).

Chemical exposure (e.g., phenolic compounds).

Inflammatory skin conditions (e.g., eczema, psoriasis).

Symptoms: White patches of varying sizes and shapes, often asymptomatic but may be associated with underlying conditions.

Treatment: Depends on the cause and may include topical corticosteroids, phototherapy, or camouflage techniques.

Vitiligo
Definition: A specific type of leukoderma with an autoimmune basis, where the immune system attacks melanocytes (pigment-producing cells).

Causes:

Autoimmune response.

Genetic predisposition.

Environmental triggers (e.g., stress, sunburn).

Symptoms:

Symmetrical white patches on the skin, often starting on the hands, face, or feet.

Premature graying of hair.

Loss of pigment in mucous membranes (e.g., inside the mouth).

Treatment:

Topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors.

Phototherapy (e.g., narrowband UVB).

Surgical options (e.g., skin grafting).

Cosmetic solutions (e.g., makeup, depigmentation

#leukoderma #Vitiligo

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