Charcot Marie Tooth (CMT) Disorder ; Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a group of inherited disorders that cause nerve damage, primarily affecting the peripheral nerves in the arms and legs. This condition is also known as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy.

Symptoms
Weakness in legs, ankles, and feet

Loss of muscle bulk in legs and feet

High foot arches and curled toes (hammertoes)

Decreased ability to run

Difficulty lifting the foot at the ankle (foot drop)

Awkward or high-stepping gait

Frequent tripping or falling

Decreased sensation or loss of feeling in legs and feet

Symptoms may spread to hands and arms as the disease progresses

Causes
CMT is caused by mutations in genes that affect the nerves in the feet, legs, hands, and arms. These mutations can damage the nerves or the protective coating (myelin sheath) around the nerves, leading to weaker signals between the limbs and the brain2.

Risk Factors
Family history of CMT

Diabetes

Certain chemotherapy medications, such as vincristine and paclitaxel2

Complications
Foot abnormalities and difficulty walking

Muscle weakness and atrophy

Increased susceptibility to injuries due to decreased sensation

Breathing difficulties if respiratory muscles are affected

Depression due to chronic condition2

Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis typically involves genetic testing, nerve conduction studies, or electromyography (EMG). While there is no cure for CMT, treatments focus on managing symptoms and maintaining function. These may include physical therapy, orthopedic devices (such as braces), surgery, and medications

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