Thrombolytic Agents | Mechanism of Action of Thrombolytic Agents | Thrombolytics | Blood Clotting

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Thrombolytic drugs are used to dissolve (lyse) blood clots (thrombi). Blood clots can occur in any vascular bed; however, when they occur in coronary, cerebral or pulmonary vessels, they can be immediately life-threatening - coronary thrombi are the cause of myocardial infarctions, cerebrovascular thrombi produce strokes, and pulmonary thromboembolic can lead to respiratory and cardiac failure. Therefore, it is important to rapidly diagnose and treat blood clots.

Thrombolytic drugs dissolve blood clots by activating plasminogen, which forms a cleaved product called plasmin. Plasmin is a proteolytic enzyme that is capable of breaking cross-links between fibrin molecules, which provide the structural integrity of blood clots. Because of these actions, thrombolytic drugs are also called "plasminogen activators" and "fibrinolytic drugs."

There are three major classes of fibrinolytic drugs: tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), streptokinase (SK), and urokinase (UK). While drugs in these three classes all have the ability to effectively dissolve blood clots, they differ in their detailed mechanisms in ways that alter their selectivity for fibrin clots.

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