Electrophoresis (Part 1)| What is Electrophoresis |Electrophoresis Principle| Phytochemistry-Part 39

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Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge. An electric current is used to move the molecules through a gel or other matrix. lectrophoresis is a general term that describes the migration and separation of charged particles (ions) under the influence of an electric field. An electrophoretic system consists of two electrodes of opposite charge (anode, cathode), connected by a conducting medium called an electrolyte. Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate macromolecules in a fluid or gel based on their charge, binding affinity, and size under an electric field. In the year 1807, Ferdinand Frederic Reuss was the first person to observe electrophoresis. He was from Moscow State University. Anaphoresis is the electrophoresis of negative charge particles or anions whereas cataphoresis is electrophoresis of positive charge ions or cations. Electrophoresis has a wide application in separating and analysing biomolecules such as proteins, plasmids, RNA, DNA, nucleic acids

Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate molecules based on their size and charge using an electric field. It's widely utilized in various fields, including molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics.

Here's a basic rundown of how it works:

1. Setup- A gel, often made of agarose or polyacrylamide, is prepared in a tray. This gel acts as a molecular sieve, allowing smaller molecules to move faster than larger ones.

2. Loading: The sample containing the molecules to be separated is loaded into wells at one end of the gel. The gel may be stained with a dye to visualize the separated molecules later.

3. Electric Field: When an electric current is applied across the gel, charged molecules in the sample (such as DNA, RNA, or proteins) migrate through the gel at different rates according to their size and charge.

4. Separation: Smaller, more highly charged molecules move faster through the gel, while larger or less charged molecules move more slowly. This differential movement causes the molecules to separate into bands along the gel.

5. Visualization: After electrophoresis is complete, the separated molecules can be visualized by staining the gel with dyes that bind specifically to the molecules of interest. The bands can then be observed and analyzed, often using techniques such as ultraviolet (UV) light or fluorescence.

Electrophoresis is a versatile technique with various applications, such as DNA fingerprinting, protein analysis, and studying the purity of DNA or RNA samples. It's an essential tool in molecular biology and has greatly contributed to advancements in genetics and biotechnology.

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