How to secure Cisco IOS Passwords

How to secure Cisco IOS Passwords

Cisco IOS has always had the option to store passwords in cleartext in the configuration file.

In the early 90s, Cisco also introduced a cryptographic hash function to store passwords in the configuration file. This irreversible password type is known as Type 5, and it uses MD5 hash with salt.
Back in 1995, someone released the first program that decrypted Type 7 passwords in configuration files. Today, several tools are available to decrypt Type 7 passwords.

Sometime between 2009 and 2010, Cisco introduced a new hashing algorithm for user-provided cleartext passwords. They called this new algorithm Type 4 and meant to use PBKDF2.
Then, Cisco named the other one as Type 9, which uses Scrypt.
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