History Of Shahabuddin Muhammad Ghauri in Urdu and hindi - The Conqueror of Delhi - Talwar e Haq

As vice-regent
Shahabuddin Muhammad Ghori belonged to Sur Pashtun tribe. After the death of Saif al-Din II, Ghiyas al-Din Ghori sat on the throne of the Ghoria kingdom and he permanently conquered Ghazni in 567 AH corresponding to 1173 AD and installed Shahab al-Din Muhammad Ghori, whose real name is Mu'az al-Din Muhammad Ghori, on the throne in Ghazni. During this time, Ghiyasuddin also conquered Herat and Balkh and made Herat his capital.

Although Sultan Shahabuddin Ghori was his brother's deputy, he ruled as an independent ruler in Ghazni and conquered Pakistan and North India, creating a permanent place in history. After his brother's death in 598 AH, he became the ruler of the entire Ghori Empire.

Conquests
Shahabuddin Muhammad Ghori's military operations started from the territory of present day Pakistan and he entered Pakistan from Dara Gomal instead of the famous Khyber Pass. He first attacked Multan and Uch, which had once again become the stronghold of the Ismaili sect after the fall of the Ghaznavids. These Ismailis were closely related to the Fatimid caliphs of Egypt on the one hand and Hindus of India on the other. The rulers of Ghor, like ordinary Muslims, recognized the Abbasid caliphate and considered the activities of the Ismailis against the interests of Muslims. Muhammad Ghori conquered both Multan and Ouch in 571 AH corresponding to 1175 AD, after that Muhammad Ghori conquered Peshawar in 575 AH corresponding to 1179 AD and Dibel in 576 AH corresponding to 1182 AD and extended the boundaries of the Ghori Empire to the shores of the Arabian Sea. Lahore and its suburbs were still under the control of the Ghaznavid dynasty, whose government had shifted to Lahore after the invasion of Ghazni by Jahansuz. Shahabuddin Muhammad Ghori captured Lahore in 582 AH corresponding to 1186 AH and completely ended the Ghaznavid dynasty's rule.

First War of Tarayan or Travari (1191 AD)
After conquering Lahore and Pakistan, Shahabuddin conquered Bathinda, which had previously belonged to the Ghaznavid Empire but was then held by Prithviraj Chauhan, the Hindu king of Delhi and Ajmer. When Prithviraj heard that Shahabuddin had conquered Bathinda, he set out with a mighty army numbering two lakhs to fight the Muslims. On the plain of Tarain or Travari near Karnal, north-west of Delhi, the two armies had a good fight, but Shahab-ud-din's army being small, he was defeated and badly wounded. In this situation, a soldier rescued him. Seeing Muhammad Ghori's absence, his soldiers and generals became angry and fled from the battlefield. Muhammad Ghori was brought to Lahore in injured condition from where he reached Ghazni.

1192 A.D. Second War of Tarain or Travari
Shahabuddin was so saddened by this defeat that he did not live a life of luxury for a year. He gave up even talking to his generals. He gave severe punishments to some of the generals. Finally, he ordered all the generals to prepare a trained army. He left for Delhi to take revenge for the previous defeat. From here, Prithviraj also left with the help of two hundred and fifty kings of India with more than 300,000 troops and several thousand war elephants. The forces of the two generals once again faced each other on the plains of Tarain or Travari. Raja Prithviraj Chauhan wrote to Muhammad Ghori and advised him to take pity on the plight of his soldiers and take them back to Ghazni, we will not follow you. But Shahab-ud-Din Ghori very firmly replied that he was acting according to his brother's order and therefore it was impossible to return without a war. The next day the two armies faced each other, the battle started before sunrise and ended by noon. Shahabuddin Ghori was victorious and Prithviraj was defeated. He escaped from the battlefield to save his life but was captured near the river Saraswati and was killed on the orders of Sultan Muhammad Ghori.

Consequences of the war

The results of this war were far-reaching and there was no one left to oppose the Muslims, although the kings of Kanauj and Anhalwara refused to obey but surrendered to the Muslims after being defeated. Thus, a great empire of Muslims was established in India which lasted till 1857.

Conquest of Northern India and Bengal
After defeating Prithviraj, Shahabuddin also conquered Delhi and Ajmer and his general Malik Muhammad Ibn Bakhtiar Khilji went ahead and conquered Bihar and Bengal. Thus the whole of North India and Pakistan came under the control of the Muslims.

As the founder of Muslim power in India and Bengal and as an enlightened ruler, Shahab-ud-Din stands very high. His conquests proved to be more useful than Mahmud Ghaznavi's campaign. He did not go back after conquering a region like Mahmud, but added it to his kingdom. He established permanent Muslim rule in the Indian subcontinent and thus completed the work that Muhammad bin Qasim had started 500 years earlier.
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