How did ERITREA become INDEPENDENT?

Eritrea's independence from Ethiopia, in 1993, is one of the most interesting cases of secession in modern politics. While many think of it as a case of unilateral secession, it wasn't. It was done with the blessing of Ethiopia. However, the way in which it secured the agreement of the Ethiopian Government is highly unusual, if not unique, story amongst modern independence movements.

Hello and welcome! My name is James Ker-Lindsay. Thanks for joining me to take an informed look at International Relations with a particular focus on territorial conflicts, secession, independence movements and new countries.

Eritrea lies on a key trading route. Colonised by Italy in 1890, it came under British rule in 1941. In 1950, the UN decided that it should join Ethiopia in a federation. However, before long, the relationship broke down and in 1961, Eritrea launched an uprising against Ethiopian rule - the Eritrean War of Independence. This was to last for the next 30 years, until 1991. Following the fall of the Ethiopian regime, Eritrea was permitted to become independence. This was confirmed in a referendum held in April 1993. In May that year, Eritrea became the 183rd member of the United Nations. This is the story of how, after decades of conflict, Eritrea managed to gain Ethiopian support for its sovereign independent statehood.

CHAPTERS
0:00 Introduction and Titles
0:49 Eritrea, secession and international politics
2:15 Eritrea under Italian colonial rule
4:09 Decolonisation and federation with Ethiopia
5:37 War of Independence, 1961-1991
7:54 Independence and UN membership
9:23 Post-independence tensions with Ethiopia
10:19 Understanding Eritrea's secession

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FURTHER READING & USEFUL SOURCES

1952 UN Report on Eritrea https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/624014?ln=en
UN GA Resolution 47/114 https://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00efdd90.html
Secession and State Creation: What Everyone Needs to Know https://amzn.to/2MPY3W2 [PRE-ORDER]
Ashgate Research Companion to Secession https://amzn.to/2FabXyh
The Creation of States in International Law https://amzn.to/2Fc5ouO
Satow's Diplomatic Practice https://amzn.to/2sF1Kak

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KEYWORDS

#Eritrea #Ethiopia #Independence
#InternationalPolitics #CurrentAffairs #InternationalRelations
#Secession #Statehood #Independence
#InternationalLaw #InternationalHistory

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IMAGE CREDITS

Italian Eritrea Coat of Arms
L'orso famelico / CC BY-SA (@s/by-sa/3.0)

Flag People’s Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
TRAJAN 117 This W3C-unspecified vector image was created with Inkscape. / CC BY-SA (@s/by-sa/3.0)

Eritrea Ethiopia War Map
Skilla1st / CC BY-SA (@s/by-sa/3.0)

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