Mohamed Mustafa Ma al 'Aynayn Mauritanian traditional ruler who fought colonialism

Mohamed Mustafa Ma al-'Aynayn, born around 1830 and 1831 in Oualata, present-day Mauritania, was a religious and political leader who fought colonialism in the region which includes the present day Mauritania, Morocco and Western Sahara. He came from a family of religious leaders, his father Mohammed Fadil Mamin was the founder of the Fadiliyya Sufi brotherhood, while his younger brother shaykh Saad Bouh was a prominent religious leader too. Ma al-'Aynayn in time proved himself to be a great Islamic scholar and soon began to attract many students eager to learn from him. In 1898, he began the construction of a Ribat in Smara, Western Sahara. A Ribat is an Arabic term for a small fortification used to house military volunteers.
He got the help of the Sultan of Morocco Abdelaziz in the construction, receiving materials, craftsmen and funds from the Sultan. The Sultan also made him Caid, which means commander or leader, of Tindouf

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