A 2,000-Year-Old Buddhist Secret of Kashmir | Current Affairs | Drishti IAS

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Recent excavations at Zehanpora in Baramulla have once again highlighted Jammu & Kashmir’s deep and often overlooked connection with ancient Buddhism. The nearly 2,000-year-old remains, dating back to the Kushan period, were mentioned by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his Mann Ki Baat, drawing national attention to Kashmir’s civilisational role.
Historically, Kashmir occupied a strategic position between the Indus–Gandhara region and the Himalayan corridor, enabling it to emerge as a major centre of Buddhist learning, often referred to as Sharada Pitha. From the time of Ashoka, who is believed to have founded Srinagar and established stupas and monasteries, to the reign of Kanishka, Buddhism flourished in the region with strong royal patronage.
Kashmir also played a pivotal role in the evolution of Mahayana Buddhism. The Fourth Buddhist Council, held in Kashmir under Kanishka, systematised Mahayana thought under scholars like Vasumitra and Ashvaghosha. Philosophers such as Nagarjuna further elevated Kashmir’s status as a hub of Buddhist philosophy. Textual treasures like the Gilgit Manuscripts confirm the region’s role as a custodian and transmitter of Buddhist knowledge to Central Asia.
For UPSC aspirants, the Zehanpora excavation reinforces Kashmir’s central place in India’s ancient civilisational and Buddhist history—making it highly relevant for both Prelims and Mains.
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