History of Eritrea

Eritrea is a country in the continent of Africa. It is located in East Africa and is home to about 5 million people. There are nine major ethnic groups in Eritrea - Afar, Blien, Hidareb, Kunama, Nara, Rashaida, Saho, Tigre, and Tigrinya. Of these groups, Tigrinya and Tigre have the most population. Ethiopia is one of their closet neighbors, as both countries were once a united entity.
The main languages spoken in Eritrea are Tigrinya, Tigre, Kunama, Bilen, Nara, Saho, Afar, Beja but Tigrinya is the most widely spoken language. The predominant religions in Eritrea are Christianity and Islam, 63% are Christians, and 36% practice Islam. The oldest kingdom known to have ruled in Eritrea and Ethiopia was the D'mt kingdom, which later gave way to the Aksum kingdom. Several kingdoms and sub-kingdoms ruled Eritrea until its occupation by Italy.
Italy began its occupation through the purchase of Assab by Rubattino Shipping Company. From there, it expanded its reach to the rest of Eritrea and Ethiopia. In 1890, the colony of Eritrea was established. In 1936, Eritrea was merged with Italian East Africa to become Eritrea Governorate. This continued until Italy lost its hold during the second world war. In September 1952, Eritrea became an independent part of Ethiopia before fully gaining its independence in 1991. The name "Eritrea" is believed to have evolved from "Erythraia," the Greek form of the name, and "Erythræa," the Latin form of the name. The name refers to that of the Red Sea, called the Erythræan sea playing on the Greek word for "red" - erythros.

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