Sombrero Galaxy's Halo Suggests a Turbulent Past!

From what it is now, to what it was in the past, and what it could mean for the future, join me as we explore the Sombrero Galaxy's Turbulent Past!

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You might be thinking, "Wait a minute, there's a place in the universe that is actually called the Sombrero Galaxy?" And yes, there is, and it's just one of many incredible and odd things that have happened in the universe at large.
If you're curious, the galaxy owes its name to its resemblance to the Mexican hat of the same name. It has a large central bulge and a bright nucleus, and its spiral’s arms pass through a thick dust lane, which is the ring encircling the central bulge. The galaxy’s appearance is due to our seeing it “edge on". Sombrero Galaxy is classified as an unbarred spiral galaxy and can be found in the constellation of Virgo. It's estimated distance from Earth is 29 million light years.
Pierre Méchain first described the Sombrero Galaxy in 1781, but it was not formally added to the Messier Catalogue until 140 years later in 1921. William Herschel and Charles Messier were also among the first astronomers to describe it. Messier had written a note about the Galaxy and five other objects that he intended to add to the list of astronomical objects now called the Messier Catalogue. The French astronomer Camille Flammarion found Messier’s hand-written notes about his later finds, including the Sombrero Galaxy, and added them to the list.
In 1912, an American astronomer named Vesto Slipher, who was working at the Lowell Observatory, noted that the Sombrero Galaxy had a very large red shift that proved the Sombrero was very distant and outside the Milky Way. Before Slipher’s discovery, astronomers had thought the Sombrero was a spiral nebula within the Milky Way.
There has been a lot of research into the Sombrero Galaxy, and one of the things that has intrigued a lot of people is the fact that there is indeed a supermassive black hole at its center. This is important because it's believed that the vast majority of galaxies have a black hole at their center. So being able to see this one and study it has been a huge help to that theory. This particular black hole has been studied so much that we believe that we know its mass roughly, and it's huge.

So what are the possible theories as to how the Sombrero Galaxy got to be this way? Well one of the most "logical" of the bunch is that it might be the result of a merged galaxy. If you recall, the universe isn't as stable in terms of its position as you might think. Galaxies not only move around via their own orbits, but they do occasionally collide with each other. The Milky Way has done this many times before, as has the Andromeda Galaxy (which is our neighbor). And given the sometimes hard fusions of this event, it could explain some various aspects of the Sombrero Galaxy.
There's just one problem with that theory. Mainly, when a set of galaxies fuse, it tends to get very messy, and you can see the remnants of the fusion in its shape and debris. However, with the Sombrero Galaxy, it's still remarkably thin in its shape. Something you wouldn't expect from a galaxy that just ate another galaxy.
In the case of ESO 137-001, it's a galaxy that is shaped like a Jellyfish.
No, really, the spiral form of the galaxy is still there. BUT, it also has a "tail" that is formed by stars that are in its "wake" if you will, and it's quite a tail as it extends over 260,000 light years into space!
"The newly forming stars in the tail are mysterious because processes common in large groups of galaxies should make it difficult for new stars to emerge. Most galaxies live in groups — for example, the Milky Way is a member of the Local Group, which also contains galaxies like Andromeda and the Triangulum spiral. Some galaxies reside in much larger gatherings of hundreds or even thousands of galaxies known as a galaxy cluster."

The Sombrero Galaxy has an apparent magnitude (brightness) of around 9.0 and can therefore be easily seen with ordinary telescopes. On a dark night, people can even see the Sombrero Galaxy through ordinary binoculars. It can be seen during the spring and early summer between the constellations Corvus and Virgo.
Researchers estimate that the Sombrero Galaxy has at least one hundred stars for every human on Earth, and there are over seven billion people on our planet currently. What's more, there may be up to 2,000 globular clusters in the galaxy’s core, which is about ten times the number of clusters in the Milky

Video Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
00:17 Sombrero Galaxy
04:20 Possible Theories
07:03 Conclusion

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