President's Election In India & USA -1 By : Dr. Vikas Divyakirti

In this GS video lecture in Hindi, Dr. Vikas Divyakirti gives an elaborate explanation about the Presidential elections in India. Constitution is supreme in Indian polity. The hierarchy is Constitution—Act—Rules—Regulations; if something is not in Indian constitution then it would be covered in Act or rules or regulations (in that order, hierarchically). In Part V, the Union, the first chapter is the Executive and the sub chapters include the part on President of India. Dr. Vikas Divyakirti, explaining this important GS concept in Hindi, particularly explains Articles 54, 55, 57, 62 and 71 (Article 54 of Indian constitution, for example, mentions who will be the voters in Presidential elections; article 55 gives the procedure etc.).
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Parliament passed the Presidential Election Act in 1952; the process is given in details here in the video (and has been amended from time to time). Earlier it was easier to stand to fight for Presidential elections (as you needed only some MLA signatures to stand as a candidate for Rashtrapati elections). So in first four elections, there was someone named (chaudhary)Hari Ram who stood in elections! So in year 1974, the requirement for proposer was raised to 10 MLA proposers and 10 MLA seconders. Dr. Vikas also mentions the name of Mr. Dhartipakad (Kaka Joginder Singh) who used to fight presidential elections (and has probably the record for losing most elections). In the year 1997, it was raised to 50 MLA proposers and 50 MLA seconders (and this should consist of different set of MLAs). So unless 100 MLAs do not know you (who will put signature on your behalf), you cannot fight the election for President of India. The criticism against it is that it is undemocratic. But it seems justified because if one is serious about the post of President then one should be able to get 100 MLA signatures out of some thousand of MLAs in India.
The GS polity and Constitution video also goes on to compare the Presidential elections of India and the United States of America (USA). It also touches upon Panchayati elections in India and other electoral processes to simplify the concepts for students preparing for UPSC civil services and state service exams (in Hindi medium). Differences between Presidential form and Parliamentary form of government have been also mentioned in the video. भारत में राष्ट्रपति के चुनाव का तरीका अमेरिका की तरह नहीं है।

What are the key points in Presidential elections in India: (a) it is an indirect election (not a direct one); see the video to understand why people of India are not directly electing the President and instead an Electoral College elects the President (b) Proportional Representation (anupatik pratinidhtva), with single transferable vote or ‘ekal sthanantaraniya mat’ (; not first-past-the-post (FPTP)or ‘sabse aage nikalne ki paddhati’. भारत के राष्ट्रपति के चुनाव में सभी राज्यों की विधानसभाओं एवं संघराज्य क्षेत्रों की विधानसभाओं के निर्वाचित सदस्य और लोक सभा तथा राज्य सभा के निर्वाचित सदस्य भाग लेते हैं। उल्लेखनीय है कि राष्ट्रपति द्वारा मनोनीत सदस्य, राष्ट्रपति चुनाव में वोट नहीं डाल सकते हैं।

About Dr. Vikas Divyakirti, a student says in comments: जटिल से जटिल मुद्दों कोा सरलता से छात्रों को समझाने में तो विकास सर को महारत हासिल है। Do see the video and understand the election process.

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