Respiratory Disorders | Disorders of Lungs 12 Class Biology

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting the lungs and other parts of the respiratory system, impeding normal breathing. Common respiratory disorders include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, and pneumonia. Asthma is characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. COPD, a progressive disease often caused by smoking, includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis, and results in reduced airflow and difficulty in exhaling. Bronchitis, an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, can be acute or chronic, causing persistent cough and mucus production. Pneumonia, an infection of the alveoli, can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, leading to symptoms like fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. DOTS is the main treatment for Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)

The impact of respiratory disorders on health can be significant, necessitating timely diagnosis and management. Spirometry, a common diagnostic test, measures lung function and helps in diagnosing conditions like asthma and COPD. Treatment strategies for respiratory disorders often include medications such as bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics, along with lifestyle changes like smoking cessation and pulmonary rehabilitation. In severe cases, supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation may be required. Preventive measures, including vaccinations for influenza and pneumonia, can reduce the risk of respiratory infections. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatments of respiratory disorders is essential for maintaining respiratory health and improving the quality of life for affected individuals.

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