Introduction to Antimicrobial Resistance ; Mechanism and Containment

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to withstand the effects of antimicrobial drugs, making infections harder to treat. This phenomenon threatens modern medicine, as it reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics.

Causes of AMR
Overuse & misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, and agriculture.

Poor infection control in healthcare settings.

Lack of new drug development, leading to reliance on older antibiotics.

Global spread of resistant pathogens due to travel and trade.

Impact of AMR
Increased mortality—AMR was responsible for 1.27 million deaths in 2019 and contributed to 4.95 million deaths.

Higher healthcare costs—Projected to add $1 trillion in healthcare expenses by 2050.

Threat to medical procedures—AMR makes surgeries, chemotherapy, and organ transplants riskier.

Strategies to Combat AMR
Improved antibiotic stewardship—Using antimicrobials responsibly.

Enhanced infection prevention—Better hygiene and vaccination programs.

Investment in research—Developing new antibiotics and alternative treatments.

Global collaboration—Coordinated efforts to monitor and control resistance

#Antimicrobial

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