Coarctation of the aorta

Caused by a small or elongated ridge of tissue inside the aorta that impedes blood flow
Leads to a differential in upper extremity vs lower extremity blood pressures
Can be preductal, juxtaductal, or postductal, depending on proximity to the ligamentum arteriosum (remnant of the ductus arteriosus)

Commonly associated with:
Bicuspid aortic valve
Persistent dusctus arteriosus
Ventricular septal defect

Manifestations (↑ upper body BP):
Epistaxis
Headache
Lower extremity ischemia
Dilated costal arteries
Congestive heart failure

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