Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 is vital to sustain life and functions as an essential co-factor in the synthesis of DNA and RNA, neurotransmitters, the myelin coating of nerves and the maturation of blood cells in the marrow. Since the body does not manufacture Vitamin B12, sufficient amounts must be consumed either from the diet or as supplements. Strict vegans are regularly deficient in Vitamin B12.

Under normal circumstances a traditional diet appears satisfactory to maintain adequate levels of Vitamin B12. Due to the complicated nature of Vitamin B12 liberation from food and absorption from the intestine, a variety of issues may negatively impact on cobalamin’s blood concentration.

Acid must be present to free Vitamin B12 from food. Prolonged use of antacids and proton pump inhibitors including Prilosec or omeprazole, Prevacid and AcipHex interfere with the process. H. pylori, a frequent bacteria found in the stomach, reduces acid levels and leads to Vitamin B12 malabsorption. Metformin, a commonly prescribed diabetes medication, also reduces Vitamin B12 levels. Previous stomach or intestinal surgery may also impair absorption.

Symptoms of Vitamin B12 deficiency are often subtle and evade easy diagnosis. Non-specific complaints may include fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations, memory loss and mood changes. Anemia and numbness or tingling of the extremities represent more advanced issues. When the possibility of inadequate levels exists, blood tests provide useful information.

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