“Understanding the Cell Cycle”

The cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its growth, replication, and division into two daughter cells. It is a highly regulated process essential for growth, development, and repair in multicellular organisms.

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Phases of the Cell Cycle
1. Interphase (Preparation Phase)
• G₁ phase (Gap 1):
• Cell grows in size
• Synthesizes proteins and organelles
• S phase (Synthesis):
• DNA replication occurs
• Each chromosome is duplicated (forms sister chromatids)
• G₂ phase (Gap 2):
• Further growth and preparation for mitosis
• Checks for DNA replication errors
2. Mitotic Phase (M Phase) – Cell Division
• Mitosis (Karyokinesis):
• Division of the nucleus
• Occurs in 4 main stages:
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase
• Cytokinesis:
• Division of the cytoplasm
• Two daughter cells are formed

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Cell Cycle Control
• Regulated by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
• Includes checkpoints:
• G₁ checkpoint: Checks for cell size, nutrients, growth signals, DNA damage
• G₂ checkpoint: Checks for DNA damage and replication completeness
• M checkpoint: Ensures proper chromosome attachment to the spindle

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Significance of the Cell Cycle
• Enables growth and development
• Maintains genetic stability
• Facilitates tissue repair and regeneration
• Abnormalities can lead to cancer

Видео “Understanding the Cell Cycle” канала BioVision