What Do 'Natural' and 'Artificial' Flavors Really Mean?

What does it actually mean when your snack cake has "naturally flavored" on the package?

Hosted by: Hank Green

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Sources:
https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm521518.htm
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm?fr=101.22
https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/11/03/560048780/is-natural-flavor-healthier-than-artificial-flavor
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-the-difference-be-2002-07-29/
https://www.fda.gov/food/ingredientspackaginglabeling/foodadditivesingredients/ucm094211.htm
https://www.seriouseats.com/2014/04/what-is-the-difference-between-natural-and-artificial-flavors.html
https://www.cooksillustrated.com/taste_tests/455-vanilla-extract
https://www.acsh.org/sites/default/files/Natural-and-Artificial-Flavors-What-s-the-Difference.pdf
http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/orange-juice-is-premium-juice-actually-more-natural-1.2902004
https://www.bonappetit.com/story/truth-about-natural-artificial-flavors
https://www.popsci.com/what-are-natural-flavors
https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/environment-food-health-news/new-meaning-natural-vanilla-flavor
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/flavorings/exposure.html
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-problem-with-vanilla/
https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/ask-an-academic-orange-juice
https://abcnews.go.com/Health/california-woman-sues-pepsicos-tropicana-alleging-deceptive-advertising/story?id=15394357
https://www.femaflavor.org/
http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2015/the-flavor-rundown-natural-vs-artificial-flavors/
https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/foodlaw/processingsector/standardofidentity
https://www.popsci.com/history-flavors-us-pictorial
https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/why-doesnt-cherry-candy-taste-like-real-cherries/
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03446.x
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/03/greener-way-making-vanilla
https://www.gao.gov/assets/310/300743.pdf
http://www.effa.eu/eu-legislation/flavouring-regulation
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/technical-documents/articles/white-papers/flavors-and-fragrances/navigating-natural-flavor-regulations.html
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-12-723_en.htm

Images:
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/apple-pie-gm814753458-131801763
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/a-dozen-cookies-baking-in-the-oven-gm93204335-10719474
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vanillin2.svg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vanilla_fragrans_2.jpg
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/tube-gm687520386-126376737
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vanilla_planifolia_(6998639597).jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Castoreum_01.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:American_Beaver.jpg
https://bit.ly/2lA0I8m
https://bit.ly/2tIeKbO
https://bit.ly/2KhsV2v
https://bit.ly/2KwNzeB
https://bit.ly/2KoQtOV
https://bit.ly/2twWqTQ

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