Iran–Israel: From Allies to Enemies | Middle East Geopolitics | Duniya Is Hafte | Drishti IAS

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The relationship between Iran and Israel is one of the most fascinating and contradictory stories in Middle East geopolitics. While today both countries are considered bitter rivals, the historical reality tells a very different story. During the 1950s to 1970s, Iran and Israel shared strong strategic ties under Israel’s “Periphery Doctrine,” which aimed to build alliances with non-Arab states to counter hostile Arab neighbors. This led to deep cooperation in military, intelligence, and economic domains.
However, the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran marked a major turning point. Under Ayatollah Khomeini, Iran’s foreign policy shifted dramatically, and Israel was declared an enemy. Despite this, during the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s, covert cooperation continued, highlighted by events like the Iran-Contra Affair.
By the 21st century, the relationship had transformed into open hostility. Iran’s growing regional influence, support for groups like Hezbollah and Hamas, and its nuclear ambitions have heightened Israel’s security concerns.
This topic is highly relevant for UPSC Prelims and Mains (GS Paper 2: International Relations), as it highlights a key lesson of global politics—there are no permanent friends or enemies, only changing national interests.
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