The Stages of Sleep: Ultradian rhythm - Biological Psychology [AQA ALevel]

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Created for the requirements of AQA A level psychology. However, information should be useful for students of other psychology courses.

See www.psychboost.com/biopsych for resources

Concepts covered: the stages of sleep, ultradian rhythms, electroencephalogram, delta waves, theta waves, brain wave frequency and amplitude, hypnogram, N1, N2, N3, REM, sleep spindles and K complexes, nocturnal penile tumescence.

Evaluative studies discussed:
Dement, W., & Kleitman, N. (1957). Cyclic variations in EEG during sleep and their relation to eye movements, body motility, and dreaming. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 9, 673-690.
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1959-02643-001

Dement, W., & Kleitman, N. (1957). The relation of eye movements during sleep to dream activity: An objective method for the study of dreaming. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53(5), 339-346.
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1958-05197-001

Shapiro et al (1981). Slow-wave sleep: a recovery period after exercise., Science Dec 11;214(4526):1253-4
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302594

Haider I, Oswald I (1970). Late brain recovery processes after drug overdose., the British medical journal May 9;2(5705):318-22.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4317051

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