Supreme Court Ruling on Narco Tests | Constitutional & Ethical Issues | Drishti IAS

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The Supreme Court of India has recently reiterated that forced or involuntary narco-analysis tests are unconstitutional, reinforcing the fundamental rights guaranteed under the Indian Constitution. Setting aside a Patna High Court order, the Court held that conducting narco tests without the consent of the accused violates Article 20(3) (Right against self-incrimination) and Article 21 (Right to life, personal liberty, and privacy).

The Court referred to its landmark judgment in Selvi v. State of Karnataka (2010), which laid down clear guidelines stating that narco tests, polygraph tests, and brain mapping can only be conducted with voluntary consent. Even when conducted voluntarily, statements obtained through such tests do not have evidentiary value on their own and must be corroborated with independent evidence.

This ruling highlights serious constitutional, legal, and ethical concerns surrounding investigative techniques, balancing the needs of criminal investigation with the protection of individual dignity, autonomy, and due process of law.
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