Neuroglia Structure and Function | Glial Cells of the CNS & PNS

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Thanks for stopping by, this is 2 minute classroom and today we are talking about Neuroglia.

Neuroglia are the unsung heroes of the nervous system. They carry out various functions within the central and peripheral nervous systems to keep them functioning.

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Now, onto the neuroglia.

We’ll start with the neuroglia of the central nervous system. There are four different neuroglia in the CNS: Astrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal cells, and Oligodendrocytes.

Astrocytes are star-shaped cells that provide structural support for neurons and help to maintain the chemical environment in the brain. They play a critical role in the blood-brain barrier and by keeping bad chemicals out of the brain.

Microglia act as the immune cells of the brain and spinal cord, they help to protect the brain from injury and disease by removing damaged cells and debris.

Ependymal cells are a type of neuroglial cell that line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. These cells have cilia that beat in coordinated waves to circulate cerebrospinal fluid throughout the ventricles and spinal cord. They also help to produce and maintain the cerebrospinal fluid which is essential for cushioning and protection for the brain, removal of waste products, and maintenance of the chemical balance of the central nervous system.

And the last Neuroglia of the central nervous system, Oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes produce myelin, a fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. This myelin helps nerve impulses to travel faster and more efficiently through action potential in the neuron. They also support the health of neurons in other ways, such as providing them with nutrients and helping to repair injured neurons.

Now onto the neuroglia of the peripheral nervous system. There are two major microglia in the PNS, Schwann cells and Stalite cells

Schwann cells, similar to the oligodendrocytes in the CNS, form a myelin sheath around the axons of the nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system helping nerve impulses to travel faster and more efficiently along the nerve fibers.

Satellite cells are a type of neuroglial cell that are found surrounding the cell bodies of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. They provide structural and metabolic support to the neurons and also play an important role in the repair and regeneration of injured neurons. They act as a protection and maintenance team for the neurons in the peripheral nervous system.

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Видео Neuroglia Structure and Function | Glial Cells of the CNS & PNS канала 2 Minute Classroom