How do computers read code?

When you first learned to write code, you probably realized that computers don't really have any common sense. You need to tell a computer exactly what you want. But do you know about all the work the computer does to understand what you mean?

0:00 Intro - Where You've Seen Compilers
1:25 Source Code vs. Machine Code
3:38 Translating Source Code to Machine Code
9:05 How Compilers Make Things Easier
10:39 Outro - The Story of Automation
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Video links:

Crash Course Computer Science:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtNlUrzyH5r6jN9ulIgZBpdo

Building the Bits and Qubits
https://youtu.be/F8U1d2Hqark
Tools used:
gdb
gcc
Monospaced font:
Menlo-Regular
Images and other visuals:

The IDE in the intro:
Eclipse

Python scripting:
IDLE

Source code distribution example:
Apache httpd on GitHub

Executable distribution examples:
Audacity
VLC media player
Blender

Punch cards:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FortranCardPROJ039.agr.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Punched_card_program_deck.agr.jpg

Early computers:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BRL61-IBM_702.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_701console.jpg

Complex history of computer languages:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generational_list_of_programming_languages

Montage:
Sublime Text
IntelliJ IDEA
https://www.haskell.org/
IntelliJ IDEA again...

Print "Hello, world!" command:
Python shell
Music:

YouTube audio library:
Sunflower

Incompetech:
Call to Adventure
If I Had a Chicken

Premium Beat:
Cutting Edge Technology
Second Time Around
Swoosh 1 sound effect came from here:
http://soundbible.com/682-Swoosh-1.html
...and is under this license:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/sampling+/1.0/

Видео How do computers read code? канала Frame of Essence