Metabolism of Cysteine and Cystine || Cystinuria || Cystinosis || NEET PG

Cysteine is a nutritionally non-essential, glucogenic amino acid.
Synthesized from two amino acids, methionine, which is nutritionally essential and serine, which is not.
Methionine furnishes sulphur atom and serine furnishes the carbon skeleton
Cystine is formed by oxidation of cysteine.

Importance of cysteine
Glucogenic amino acid involved in formation of glucose.
Cysteine is most important dietary source of sulphur.
Physiologically important sulphur containing compounds derived from cysteine are:
- Taurine
- Insulin
- Coenzyme-A
- Glutathione
- Vasopressin
It is also involved in detoxification mechanisms.
Cysteine can be catabolized by two routes:

1. The transamination pathway

2. Direct oxidative pathway

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