Death of a 400 year Union: The First Hungarian Republic is Born

The end of WW1 shaped the borders of Europe. Four Empires would fall, and in their place, were a series of successor states all that vied for power. In this episode, we will be covering Hungary, after 400 years in Union. The First Hungarian Republic is born, but its future, was anything but clear.

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The duel monarchy of Austria-Hungary had existed since the 1860's, though Hungary would be under personal union with Austria dating back to 1526. The Union between the two would end after the conclusion of World War 1, though shortly before the end of the war, multiple nations would declare their independence from Hungary. October the 28th of 1918 would see the Czech national council in Prague declared independence, a day later, the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia would issue a similar declaration in Zagreb, and so on.

In Vienna, workers and former soldiers were plotting revolution, while in Hungary, demonstrations in Budapest developed into the Aster Revolution. Not me though, don't worry... Ignore that photo. The Revolution pitted the newly formed Hungarian National Council, led by Mihály Károlyi against the Conservative government of Sándor Wekerle. The council had been formed on October the 25th from Hungaries three main left wing political parties, ones that wanted a separation from Vienna. The council proclaimed themselves as the only true representatives of Hungary, demanding that Hungary was to achieve independence, establish total male and female suffrage, as well as obviously end the war. Public support quickly shifted after five protesters were killed and another 60 wounded, with thoughts of former soldiers joining the HNC. October 31st would see the National Council take official control over Budapest, with Wekerle fleeing, and the second in line, former Prime Minister István Tisza being killed.

Karolyi would install himself prime minister, being officially recognized by Emperor Charles on November the 13th. Karolyi's first act as prime minster would be to declare Hungarian independence from the monarch with the Hungarian First Republic, also known as the People's Republic, proclaimed on November the 16th. It was hoped by members of Karolyi's cabinet that the separation of themselves from Austria and the Hapsburg monarch, as well as Karolyi's close ties to the French, would be enough for the nation to come out of WW1 was minimal territorial loses, however, that was not the case.

Negotiations between the new Hungarian government and the Entente utterly failed in their desired goals, with the Entente considering Hungary a partner in the defeated Dual Monarchy, and each would demand land concessions. In a last ditch effort to win over the US, Karolyi would give in to president Woodrow Wilsons 14 point plan, which included a dis-arment of the 1.4 million strong Hungarian army meaning the new nation had virtually no organized force to defend itself and other nations would use this to their advantage.

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