What is Calculus in Math? Simple Explanation with Examples

Calculus is a branch of mathematics that deals with very small changes. Calculus consists of two main segments—differential calculus and integral calculus. Differential calculus primarily deals with the rate of change of things, while integral calculus is concerned with the accumulation of smaller quantities and allows us to see the “big picture.”

In more technical terms, differential calculus deals with the rates of change of things, such as speed and the slope of a curve. On the other hand, integral calculus helps determine the total size of something, such as area and volume.The principles of differential and integral calculus are used in medical sciences to diagnose and treat medical conditions. Doctors who research infectious diseases use calculus to discover the spread rate and the area where an infection is likely to occur. The side effects of medicine, brought about by minute external factors, such as interactions with other drugs and changes in body temperature, can be computed using integral calculus.
Together, differential and integral calculus provide powerful tools for understanding and analyzing various phenomena, from the motion of planets to the behavior of markets. They are fundamental in many scientific and engineering disciplines and have widespread applications in real-world problem-solving.
Calculus is also essential for business and economics, as credit card companies use calculus to set payment structures. Civil engineers, architects, and structural engineers use calculus to make critical decisions about the height of buildings and which materials to use in order to withstand the forces of nature.

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References:
https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/28732/Thompson_Lina_Thesis_CHC.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
https://math.mit.edu/~djk/calculus_beginners/chapter00/section02.html
https://www.berkeleycitycollege.edu/wjeh/files/2012/08/calculus_note_limit.pdf
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