Peritoneum - Omentum, Mesentery and Cavity | Anatomy

Content:
Introduction 0:00
Parts of the Peritoneum: 01:19
How does the Visceral Peritoneum Cover the Organs? 2:21
Course of the Peritoneum 4:14
Lesser Omentum: 05:43
Greater Omentum 6:43
Mesentery: 10:02
Peritoneal Cavity: 10:48
Upper level of the Peritoneal Cavity 11:28
Middle level of the Peritoneal Cavity 13:30
Lower level of the Peritoneal Cavity 15:22

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The peritoneum is a serous coat that protects and fixates the organs.

Peritoneum has two parts:
- Peritoneum Parietale (Lines the walls of the abdomen and pelvic cavity)
- Peritoneum Viscerale (Lines organs)
- Between them is a peritoneal cavity

Visceral Peritoneum surrounds organs in three ways:
- Intraperitoneal Viscera
- Mesoperitoneal Viscera
- Retroperitoneal Viscera

Course of peritoneum:
Parietal Peritoneum continues into the Visceral Peritoneum through:
- Ligamentum Falciforme Hepatis
- Ligamentum Coronarium Hepatis
- Ligamentum Triangulare Dextrum
- Ligamentum Triangulare Sinistrum

These ligaments cover the liver and continue down as Lesser Omentum.

Lesser Omentum of peritoneum:
- Ligamentum Hepatoduodenale
- Ligamentum Hepatogastrica
- Ligamentum Heptarenale
All ligaments above lesser curvature of the stomach are lesser omentum

Greater Omentum of peritoneum:
- Ligamentum Gastrophrenicum
- Ligamentum Gastrosplenicum
- Ligamentum Gastrocolicum

Gastrocolic ligament goes down, curves at linea terminalis of pelvis, and terminates at tenia omentalis of transverse colon.
Goes around the transverse colon and stops at tenia mesocolica

Transverse Colon is fixated to the posterior wall as Mesocolon Transversum

Mesentery:
Connects intestines to posterior abdominal wall
- Mesocolon Transversum
- Radix Mesenterii (starts at L2)

Mesentery connects intraperitoneal viscera to the posterior wall

Cavitas Peritonealis (Peritoneal Cavity):
Levels of the peritoneal cavity:
- Upper Level (above mesocolon transversum)
- Middle level (below mesocolon transversum but above linea terminalis)
- Lower level (in pelvis minor)

Upper level:
Has 2 recesses and 1 bursa.
Recess means a small opening
Bursa means a fluid-filled sac.
- Recessus Subphrenicus (Subphrenic recess)
- Recessus Subhepaticus (Subhepatic Recess)
- Bursa Omentalis (Omental bursa)

Walls/borders of bursa omentalis,
Bursa Omentalis has Foramen Omentale (Foramen Epiploicum)
with Vestibulum Bursa Omentalis around
Bursa Omentalis has recesses:
- Recessus superior (Superior Recess)
- Recessus Inferior (Inferior Recess)
- Recessus Splenicus (Splenic Recess)

Middle Level of peritoneal cavity:
- Recessus Duodenalis Superior (Superior Duodenal Recess)
- Recessus Duodenalis Inferior (Inferior Duodenal Recess)
- Recessus Ileocaecalis Superior (Superior Ileocecal recess)
- Recessus Ileocaecalis Inferior (Inferior Ileocecal recess)
- Recessus Retrocaecalis (Retrocecal Recess)
- Recessus Intersigmoideus (Intersigmoid Recess)

Lower level of peritoneal Cavity:
Excavatio means pouch
Female:
- Excavatio Rectouterina (Rectouteral pouch)
- Excavatio Vesicouterina (Vesicouteral pouch)
Male:
- Excavatio Rectovesicalis (Rectovesical pouch)

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