稼軒詞精選片段 (Ci Poetry of Xin Qi-Ji Highlights w/ Eng Sub)

Professor Fang Yu, Department of Chinese Literature, National Taiwan University

Xin Qiji (1140–1207) was as well-known as Su Shi, another Song Dynasty poet. However, although Su and Xin were both part of the Haofang School, their styles of poetry were very different. This difference was related to the temperament, talent, creative mind, and historical epoch of the two men. Xin Qiji focused on ci, while Su Shi’s interest was the richness of the poetry. Su Shi, of course, was also a famed essayist and calligrapher. Of Su Shi’s 2,700 surviving poems, only just over 300 were in the ci form. In addition, Su only started writing ci after he became a local magistrate in Hangzhou in his middle age. More than 620 of Xin Qiji’s poems survive today, but he did not pass any of his poems down, revealing his focus on the ci form. Xin excelled at this form, and his work spanned a great range of styles. He did not constrict himself to Haofang, he did not suffer from being too direct or shallow, and he always retained the subtle beauty of the ci form. Xin Qiji has been described as an “outstanding talent, a man of great morals, and someone who took pride in his exploits,” showing ability and sagacity in governing the country, the military, and the people. In addition, he was a man who could take action to put things into practice, making him a very rare exception among ancient Chinese scholars. However, after fighting the Jurchens and leading his army back south, he was excluded and sidelined by the Southern Song court. He was instead given a series of minor posts that kept him for influence in the court. For someone as dedicated to his work as Xin Qiji, this was a particular embarrassment. Xin Qiji expressed his inner sadness in his poetry, developing his own unique style. Xin Qiji's poetry was the poetry of a hero, and was closely related to his personal achievements and setbacks. His long idle period gave him the time to study, and he was a very learned man across a wide range of topics. Furthermore, his use of allusion was superior to Su Shi. Xin Qiji also quoted extensively from the Confucian classics, historical studies, and literary collections in his ci, which he incorporated seamlessly into the poetry. However, Xin Qiji’s use of oral proverbs into his poetry was even more impressive, mixing a great range of styles, and producing poems that were at the same time elegant, dense, stimulating, indulgent, mournful, moving, and humorous. Xin Qiji makes ample use of lyrics, narrative, reasoning, descriptions of scenery, long tune, and xiaoling, while retaining the music harmony of ci poetry. Xin Qiji devoted his entire life to his literary style, techniques, learning, and knowledge, making himself into a unique and outstanding talent.

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臺大中國文學系 方瑜教授

辛棄疾 (1140 - 1207) 與蘇軾齊名，並稱蘇辛，為宋詞的大家。但蘇、辛雖同為豪放派，在「翦紅刻翠之外，別立一家。」二人詞風仍大有差異，這與性情、稟賦、創作心態以及處身的時代均有關聯。
稼軒比東坡更專力為詞，東坡才力贍富，文章、書法均稱頌一世，平生留存詩作兩千七百餘首，詞作僅三百餘篇，而且東坡是在中年之後任杭州通判時才開始填詞；稼軒詞今存六百二十餘首，並無詩作傳世，可見其用心之處。
辛詞出色當行，風格多變，不能單以豪放籠括，更無質直淺率之病，不失詞體含蓄蘊藉之美。稼軒為「一世之豪，以氣節自負，功業自許。」有治國、治兵、治民的才略，而且能以行動付諸實踐，這在文學史上著名的文人中，幾乎罕見其匹。但在與金人奮戰、率兵南歸後，卻被南宋朝廷防備、排拒，屢起屢廢、閒置不用長達二十年，這對勇於任事的稼軒而言，特別難堪。遂將內心難宣的鬱結，發之於詞，自成一家詞風。稼軒詞是英雄豪傑之詞，與其平生遭遇、個性作為，密切相關。加以閒居日久，又好讀書，博聞強記，涉獵廣雜，詞中用典之多，尤過於東坡。但稼軒能將經史文集融入詞中，一片神行，不見斧痕，更擅於引口語俗諺化入字行，詞風多變，清麗、綿密、激越、縱情、慷慨悲歌、纏綿曲折、幽默風趣，盡在其中。
稼軒以詞抒情、敘事、說理、寫景無不如意，長調、小令均多傑作，而且更不失詞之音樂性。他以畢生精力、胸襟氣度專注於這一種文體，才、學、識兼備，故能卓然自立，與眾獨異。

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