The Twin Dangers of the Rabaul Volcano; Papua New Guinea's Active Volcano

Generally, a volcano has a single active vent which erupts repeatedly. This is not the case at Papua New Guinea's Rabaul volcano, where not only have two separate volcanic cones 3.75 miles apart erupted simultaneously, but these merely represent the most recent of 13 volcanic cones which have presumably erupted dozens of times in this complex.

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Sources/Citations:
[1] Rabaul Volcano Observatory
[2] Fabbro, Gareth & McKee, Chris & Eggins, Stephen & Bouvet de Maisonneuve, Caroline. (2020). Variable mafic recharge across a caldera cycle at Rabaul, Papua New Guinea. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 393. 106810. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106810., CC BY 4.0. This source was used to locate the 13 vents and when they last erupted (I specifically mean the before or after 863 CE caldera forming eruption.
[3] Source of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) methodology and criteria: Newhall, C. G., and Self, S. (1982), The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism, J. Geophys. Res., 87(C2), 1231–1238, doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231. Accessed / Read by Youtube.com/GeologyHub on Oct 5th, 2022
[4] VEIs, dates/years, composition, tephra layer name, DRE estimates, and bulk tephra volume estimates for volcanic eruptions shown in this video which were assigned a VEI 4 or larger without an asterisk after their name are sourced from the LaMEVE database (British Geological Survey © UKRI), https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/view/controller.cfc?method=lameve, Used with Permission
[5] Johnson, R.W., Itikarai, I., Patia, H., and McKee, C.O., 2010. Volcanic systems of the Northeastern Gazalle Peninsula, Papua New Guinea: Synopsis, evaluation, and a model for Rabaul volcano; Rabaul Volcano Workshop Report, Papua New Guinea Dept.of Mineral Policy and Geohazards Management and the Australian Agency for International Development, 84 p.

0:00 A Volcanic Harbor
0:17 Rabaul's Caldera
0:56 Volcanic Cones
3:16 Older Cones
4:24 Conclusion

Видео The Twin Dangers of the Rabaul Volcano; Papua New Guinea's Active Volcano канала GeologyHub