COVID-19 Insights: Hypercoagulability (Clotting) - Part 2 (Coagulation cascade.)

Continuing with our discussion about the hypercoagulability in the COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2) patients.

We will discuss the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation cascades. We will discuss the clot formation and then the clot dissolution.

D-Dimers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-dimer
A four-fold increase in the protein is a strong indicator of mortality in those suffering from COVID-19.[2][3]

D-Dimers scoring
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis#Diagnosis

Fibrinolysis by plasmin and drugs. Note how the t-plasminogen activator (tPA) and Urokinase activate the plasminogen to plasmin. Which then breaks down the clot. Notice that this is a slow process.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrinolysis

Disseminated intravascular coagulation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disseminated_intravascular_coagulation
blood clots form throughout the body, blocking small vessels.

As the clotting factors and platelets are used up, bleeding may occur. Resulting in the blood in the urine, stool, and/or skin
Organ failure may ensue.

Heparin administration should not cause elevated D-Dimers because heparin acts on the factor X, or anti-thrombin
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/214972

Видео COVID-19 Insights: Hypercoagulability (Clotting) - Part 2 (Coagulation cascade.) канала Drbeen Medical Lectures