LEARN: ISO - Camera Settings Part 3

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The last but definitely not the least important camera settings is your ISO. Whats crazy is how many people DO NOT know what that stands for.

So, what is ISO and what does it stand for?

ISO is simply the sensitivity of your camera’s sensor to the light that it is exposed to.

What does it stand for? Well there is an organization that sets international standards. This organization created the meter that measures how sensitive your sensor is:

I – International
S – Standards
O – Organization

Now this setting differs from the other two settings because ISO is the sensitivity of your sensor to the light whereas the Fstop and Shutter effect the amount of Physical light allowed into the camera. If you were able to close your Aperture and Shutter completely, and crank your ISO all the way up, you would still have no light.

ISO doesn’t create light, it digitally enhances the light available to it.

ISO effects 3 things:
Clarity: This is how sharp, how clean your image is

Dynamic Range: This is how many colors from true black to true white your camera can pick up

Color Accuracy: This is how accurate your camera records colors. For example, if you see a dark green, does your camera also see the same dark green.

The lower your ISO, the better your Clarity, Dynamic Range and Color Accuracy will be. The higher you raise your ISO, these three will start to get worse and worse.

As you raise your ISO, something called “noise” will be introduced into the image. Noise is digital imperfections in the image. Look like spots or color distortions. In addition, your color accuracy will go down and your clarity will go down.

Compare it to a microphone. If you were to record a whisper, you would need to raise your microphone’s sensitivity to sound. Doing this you would probably pick up environmental noises you may or may not hear, including static etc. Same with ISO, the higher you raise it, the more imperfections your camera will pick up.

The lowest ISO your camera can set is called the “Base ISO”. This is where your camera will operate at its best potential so you should always try to use the lowest ISO whenever you can. This is always the last setting I adjust.

Its quite simple to understand:

Low ISO = Better quality Image = Less sensitive to Light
Higher ISO = Lower quality Image = more sensitive to light

My goal is to always use a low ISO but there are times when to use a high ISO, like night photography. You need as much light as possible so you use a long shutter, a very wide aperture (small fstop) and a higher ISO because your camera has to be sensitive enough to pick up those small pin pricks of light the stars give off. When I'm shooting night photography I always go for about 3200 as a max. Otherwise I introduce more noise. But you can go higher if needed.

Also, if you’re indoors and need to freeze motion. Say you’re taking pictures of people inside. You’ll need a high shutter to freeze their motion but in turn this is going to lessen the light allowed into your camera. To balance, you can raise your shutter to make your sensor more sensitive so you can still get proper exposure.

My personal preference when adjusting my settings is to adjust my shutter and fstop (aperture) first and then use my ISO to get proper exposure. This way I can always use the lowest ISO allowed for that particular situation.

Summary:

Low ISO = Better quality Image = Less sensitive to Light
Higher ISO = Lower quality Image = more sensitive to light

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List of Stops:
Full Stops: 12 – 25 – 50 – 100 – 200 – 400 – 800 – 1600 – 3200 – 6400 – 12500
NOTE: Some cameras do not go below 100.

1/3 Stops:
12 | 16 | 20
25 | 32 | 40
50 | 64 | 80
100 | 125 | 160
200 | 250 | 320
400 | 500 | 640
800 | 1000 | 1250
1600 | 2000 | 2500
3200 | 4000 | 5000
6400 | 8000 | 10000
12500

#ExploringPhotography #CameraBasics #ISO

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