NEOPLASIA 7: CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS & Ames test
A series of video tutorials discussing the topics for undergraduates in Pathology
In this tutorial , i have discussed Chemical Carcinogenesis.
Carcinogenesis
****Follow me*****
http://ilovepathology.com/
Twitter : https://twitter.com/VijayPatho
https://twitter.com/ilovepathology2
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ilovepathology/
• Oncogenesis
Mechanism of induction of tumors
Carcinogen
• A substance or agent which can induce cancer.
• Types:
1.Chemical carcinogen
2.Physical carcinogen
3.Biological carcinogen
History
1761 - Dr John Hill, London Physician Observed the association of nasal cancer among tobacco snuff users in men.
1775 - Percivall Pott, an English surgeon : increased Incidence of scrotal cancer in chimney sweepers in London.
1915 - Yamagiwa and Ichikawa, Japanese Pathologists: Multiple topical applications of coal tar to rabbit ears produced squamous cell carcinomas.
First demonstration that a chemical could produce cancer in animals.
1930’s – Kennaway, a british Pathologist : showed for the first time that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , such as dibenzanthracene, are tumorigenic in mouse skin
1940’s - James and Elizabeth Miller, Oncologists : first to find the relationship between metabolic activation, and tumorigenesis.
Experiments demonstrating the initiation & promotion
Tests For Chemical Carcinogenicity
• Experimental induction
• Tests for Mutagenecity( AMES’ TEST)
• The Ames Test is an easy and inexpensive way to measure the MUTAGENICITY of a chemical.
• Ames test does not determine if chemical is carcinogenic!!!
• Rationale of test is that greater than 90% of all chemical mutagens have been shown to be carcinogenic in subsequent animal tests
• The bacterium used in the test is a strain of Salmonella typhimurium that caries a defective (mutant) gene making it unable to synthesize the amino acid histidine from the ingredients in its culture medium.
• However, some types of mutations (including this one) can be reversed, a back mutation, with the gene regaining its function.
• These revertants are able to grow on a medium lacking histidine.
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "WARBURG EFFECT: Hallmark of CANCER. What, Why & How?"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXaO59IqQm8
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Видео NEOPLASIA 7: CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS & Ames test канала ilovepathology
In this tutorial , i have discussed Chemical Carcinogenesis.
Carcinogenesis
****Follow me*****
http://ilovepathology.com/
Twitter : https://twitter.com/VijayPatho
https://twitter.com/ilovepathology2
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ilovepathology/
• Oncogenesis
Mechanism of induction of tumors
Carcinogen
• A substance or agent which can induce cancer.
• Types:
1.Chemical carcinogen
2.Physical carcinogen
3.Biological carcinogen
History
1761 - Dr John Hill, London Physician Observed the association of nasal cancer among tobacco snuff users in men.
1775 - Percivall Pott, an English surgeon : increased Incidence of scrotal cancer in chimney sweepers in London.
1915 - Yamagiwa and Ichikawa, Japanese Pathologists: Multiple topical applications of coal tar to rabbit ears produced squamous cell carcinomas.
First demonstration that a chemical could produce cancer in animals.
1930’s – Kennaway, a british Pathologist : showed for the first time that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , such as dibenzanthracene, are tumorigenic in mouse skin
1940’s - James and Elizabeth Miller, Oncologists : first to find the relationship between metabolic activation, and tumorigenesis.
Experiments demonstrating the initiation & promotion
Tests For Chemical Carcinogenicity
• Experimental induction
• Tests for Mutagenecity( AMES’ TEST)
• The Ames Test is an easy and inexpensive way to measure the MUTAGENICITY of a chemical.
• Ames test does not determine if chemical is carcinogenic!!!
• Rationale of test is that greater than 90% of all chemical mutagens have been shown to be carcinogenic in subsequent animal tests
• The bacterium used in the test is a strain of Salmonella typhimurium that caries a defective (mutant) gene making it unable to synthesize the amino acid histidine from the ingredients in its culture medium.
• However, some types of mutations (including this one) can be reversed, a back mutation, with the gene regaining its function.
• These revertants are able to grow on a medium lacking histidine.
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Please watch: "WARBURG EFFECT: Hallmark of CANCER. What, Why & How?"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXaO59IqQm8
-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
Видео NEOPLASIA 7: CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS & Ames test канала ilovepathology
Показать
Комментарии отсутствуют
Информация о видео
Другие видео канала
NEOPLASIA 8: INVASION AND METASTASIS; Mechanisms, Pathways of SpreadAmes testNEOPLASIA 3: TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES: Retinoblastoma Gene, Knudson's Two Hit Hypothesis.Approaches to genotoxicity and carcinogenicity assessmentNEOPLASIA 2: HALLMARKS OF CANCER : Protooncogenes, Oncogenes & OncoproteinsMicrobial carcinogenesisChemical carcinogenesis and carcinogens - Usmle step 1 Pathology Neoplasia , Dr G Bhanu PrakashMaking my favorite liquid carcinogenCarcinogenesis: The transformation of normal cells to cancer cellsAMYLOIDOSIS: Part 1: Definition, Historical aspects & Properties of AmyloidG T-8, What is Ames test or Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test? General Toxicology, Module 8NEOPLASIA 6: WARBURG EFFECT: Hallmark of CANCER. What, Why & How?NEOPLASIA 5: DEFECTS IN DNA REPAIR, DNA repair genes & Associated CancersNEOPLASIA-1: BASICS: Nomenclature: Benign, Malignant, Mixed tumors, teratoma,Hamartoma, choristomaAmes test ( Technique to determine mutagenic potential)Oncogenetics - Mechanism of Cancer (tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes)SHOCK: Types, Pathogenesis of Septic ShockEMBOLISM Part 1: Pulmonary & Systemic thromboembolismINFLAMMATION 8: CHRONIC INFLAMMATION- Causes, Morphology & CellsNEOPLASIA 4: p53 gene: The Guardian of the genome. functions, regulation and inactivation