Episode 1: Podcast on Atomic Physics and Xrays

Episode 1 Keytakeaways
One — The atom: nucleus (protons + neutrons) with electrons in K, L, M, N shells.
Atomic number Z = number of protons. Higher Z = more X-ray attenuation.
Two — Characteristic X-rays are produced when outer-shell electrons fill inner-shell
(K-shell) vacancies. Their energies are fixed and specific to the target element.
Three — Key energy unit: keV. Diagnostic radiology operates in the 20–150 keV
range.
Four — The EM spectrum: all waves travel at speed of light. X-rays are ionising,
wavelength 0.01–10 nm, originate from electron interactions outside the nucleus.
Five — X-ray beam quantity → controlled by mAs. Quality (penetrating power) →
controlled by kVp and filtration.
Six — Raising kVp increases both quality and quantity but reduces subject contrast.
Raising mAs increases quantity only. Know which knob does what.
Seven — Inverse square law: intensity ∝ 1 / distance². Double the distance = quarter
the intensity. Critical for radiation protection.

Видео Episode 1: Podcast on Atomic Physics and Xrays канала Department of Radiodiagnosis, AIIMS Bibinagar, HYD