CAN Layered Architecture | CAN Protocol Layered Architecture | MAC | LLC | PLS | PMA | PMS | MDI

The Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol utilizes a layered architecture designed for reliable, real-time communication in embedded systems, typically mapping to the two lowest layers of the OSI model (Data Link and Physical). This structure separates responsibilities into the Application Layer, Data Link Layer (subdivided into Logical Link Control, Media Access Control, and Physical Coding), and the Physical Layer.
Core Architecture Layers
The standard CAN architecture is typically broken down into the following key components:
Physical Layer (ISO 11898-2): Responsible for raw bit transmission over a physical medium (usually a twisted-pair cable). It defines electrical signals (voltage levels for CANH and CANL), bit timing, and connectors.

Data Link Layer (ISO 11898-1): Manages how data is packaged and transmitted reliably. It is further divided into:

MAC (Medium Access Control): Handles arbitration (priority-based bus access), error detection, and message framing.

LLC (Logical Link Control): Manages message filtering, overload notification, and recovery management.
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