2D Arrays in C | Matrix in C | Matrix Programming

A two-dimensional (2D) array in C is an array of arrays used to store data in a tabular format, like a grid or a matrix. Elements are accessed using two indices: one for the row and one for the column.

1.Declaration and Syntax: Declare a 2D array by specifying the data type, array name, and the number of rows and columns using the syntax data_type array_name[rows][columns];.
For instance, int matrix[3][4]; declares an integer array with 3 rows and 4 columns.

2. Initialization: You can initialize a 2D array during declaration using nested curly braces. One method is to explicitly define each row { {1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6} };. Another method is to initialize sequentially {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};.
When initializing at declaration, the number of rows can be omitted, but the number of columns must always be specified.

3.Accessing and Modifying Elements: Elements are accessed using zero-based indexing with two indices: one for the row and one for the column. For example, int val = matrix[0][1]; retrieves the element in the first row and second column, while matrix[1][2] = 10; assigns the value 10 to the element at the second row and third column.

4. Memory Layout: In C, 2D arrays are stored in row-major order.

5.Traversing with Nested Loops: Nested for loops are commonly used to iterate through all elements.

5.Passing 2D Arrays to Functions: When passing a 2D array to a function, you must specify the column size in the parameter list.
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