Phases of Cell cycle || G1 ,S ,G2 Phase || Cell Division || Vinay Biology

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During interphase of a cell cycle, the cell copies DNA, grows, and carries out its normal functions. The cell cycle refers to the cycle that has cells reproduce and divide.
The cell cycle is divided into two or three main phases: interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
What exactly happens in the interphase of a cell cycle?
In order to properly describe what happens in interphase of the cell cycle, it would be helpful to place it in context and look at the cell cycle as a whole.
Gap 1

, or G1, begins immediately after one cell has divided into two. The parent cell has already finished dividing chromosomes and the process of cytokinesis has created two new cells. G1 represents a return to normal function, the cell begins carrying out its regular tasks, growing in size while it does so and replicating any organelles it needs. It also begins to synthesize the molecular compounds it needs for later steps in the cell cycle.
If a cell needs to perform specialized functions, it must differentiate. The cell must leave the G1 phase to go into a resting state where it can differentiate, a phase known as G0. Some cells won’t re-enter G1 and begin dividing again, while others will.
Though cells typically grow before division, not all will. Certain cells may purposefully divide again and again without growing, splitting themselves into many small cells pieces over multiple rounds of division. This rarely happens, but some animals, like certain frogs, use this method to create embryos.
S-Phase
Synthesis, or S-Phase, the cell ceases performing its normal functions. All of the cell’s resources and energy will be utilized to replicate DNA. The two interwoven strings of DNA need to be unzipped to be read and the genetic information within accessed. The unzipping process is done by a number of different proteins. During synthesis, the cell will also begin creating identical copies of each chromosome, and the copies of the individual DNA strands are bound together in a structure called a sister chromatid.
What will happen with these sister chromatids depends upon the type of cell. Most cells are somatic cells, and during mitosis, the sister chromatids will be separated, ensuring that there are two copies of the DNA in each cell. Meanwhile, gametes (sex cells) will enter the meiosis phase instead of mitosis after interphase completes. During meiosis, two rounds of division occur instead of only one. The homologous chromosomes are separated in the first round of division, then the sister chromatids separate in the next. This is what leads to four haploid cells, which only have half of the entire genome.
After the end of synthesis, the cell starts to prepare for cell division once more.

Gap2,

or G2, happens after the DNA has been replicated. During this phase, the cells begins to increase in size by creating more cytoplasm. Many important organelles like the mitochondria, which provide the cell with energy, are replicated in this stage. Plants cells will create both chloroplasts and mitochondria, while animal cells will only create mitochondria. The G2 phase continues until the cell enters mitosis or meiosis.

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