ITCZ Explained: Indian Monsoon & Pressure Belts | UPSC | Geography | Drishti IAS

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The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) plays a crucial role in shaping India’s climate, especially the southwest monsoon. In this detailed lecture, Mr. Vaibhav Shivhare, Expert Faculty at Drishti IAS, explains how ITCZ, a low-pressure zone near the equator, influences seasonal rainfall patterns in India. The session begins with the concept of global pressure belts and trade winds, explaining how the convergence of northeast and southeast trade winds leads to heavy rainfall in equatorial regions.
The video further explains the seasonal shifting of ITCZ due to the apparent movement of the Sun. During summer, ITCZ shifts northwards towards the Indian subcontinent, forming the monsoon trough and attracting moisture-laden southwest winds, resulting in widespread rainfall. In contrast, during winter, ITCZ shifts southwards, leading to retreating monsoon and dry conditions over most parts of India, except the Coromandel Coast.
Additionally, the lecture covers important concepts like Coriolis force, doldrums, temperate cyclones, and the difference in ITCZ intensity between the northern and southern hemispheres. Previous year UPSC questions related to ITCZ are also discussed, making this session highly useful for aspirants preparing for Geography and Environment.
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