COVID-19 Insights: COVID-19 (by SARS-COV-2/Coronavirus) Signs, Symptoms and Management

Diseases lasts 2 weeks on average in 81% of the population
In 14% that become serious it can go on from 2 weeks to 6 weeks
in 5% critical cases it can go from 2 to 8 weeks

Asymptomatic
Youngsters
And, incubation time
Median incubation time is 5.1 days

Symptoms at onset*:
Fever (98%),
Dry cough (76%)
Fatigue & myalgia (44%)
Sputum production (28%)
Headache (8%)
Haemoptysis (5%)
Diarrhoea (3%)
Subsequent symptoms: dyspnoea (25%)

Mild cases: The majority (81%) of these coronavirus disease cases were mild cases. Mild cases include all patients without pneumonia or cases of mild pneumonia.

Severe cases: This includes patients who suffered from shortness of breath, respiratory frequency ≥ 30/minute, blood oxygen saturation ≤93%, PaO2/FiO2 ratio lesser than 300, and/or lung infiltrates greater than 50% within 24–48 hours. 

PaO2 (partial pressure of oxygen)
FiO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen)
PaO2/FiO2 is called Horowitz index, or Carrico index and the PF ratio
Critical cases: Critical cases include patients who suffered respiratory failure, septic shock, and/or multiple organ dysfunction or failure.
Management
Supportive management

Antivirals for COVID-19
According to the WHO
There are no known effective antivirals for coronavirus infections.
• Various candidates with potential anti-nCoV activity are being evaluated for clinical trial protocols (see module 15).
• Use of unregistered or unproven therapeutics for nCoV should be done under strict monitoring and ethical approval.
– Use WHO Monitored Emergency Use of Unregistered Interventions (MEURI) framework (see module 15)

Remdesivir
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/did-experimental-drug-help-us-coronavirus-patient

https://www.drugtargetreview.com/news/56798/mechanism-of-action-revealed-for-remdesivir-potential-coronavirus-drug/

Remdesivir cripples an enzyme called RNA polymerase that is used by many viruses to copy themselves; it does not specifically target SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.

Article being critical of the remdesivir efficacy
https://www.statnews.com/pharmalot/2020/03/13/gilead-coronavirus-covid19-clinical-trials/
Chloroquine
Antimalarial and HIV medicine
Makes the cell organelle less acidic (raises their pH which interferes with the virus replication.)
It also interferes with the terminal glycosylation of the ACE2 receptor negatively influencing the virus receptor binding
https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-422X-2-69

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