WWII PISTON AIRCRAFT ENGINE TYPES, MECHANISM & OILING SYSTEMS TRAINING FILM 59294

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This 1940 black-and-white military restricted training film 1-135 produced by The Signal Corps explores aircraft engines. Part 1 Types, Mechanism, and Oiling System. The aircraft internal combustion engine is explained using an animated diagram showing the four-stroke performance cycle of intake, compression, combustion and expansion, and exhaust. A cutaway shows the process in action (:30-2:48). An air-cooled engine with fins and a liquid-cooled engine are diagrammed and explained (2:49-3:10). An obsolete inline engine and an obsolete double inline engine are shown (3:11-3:26). An opposed type is shown with two rows of cylinders on opposite sides of the crankshaft (3:27-3:41). Obsolete engine models are shown of the AW and X types, rotary engine, and V-type engine (3:42-4:05). A liquid-cooled V type engine is shown with its V-shaped cylinder arrangement. The view is shown with the cylinder blocks removed from the crankcase. A fork rod and blade rod are attached together (4:06-5:08). The single row radial engine is used extensively in the 1940 aircraft. The cylinders are evenly arranged around the crankcase in odd numbers of 3-9 and connected to a single crank pin. A double-row radial engine has a total of 14-18 cylinders arranged in two rows around the crankshaft (5:09-6:08). The I-Head (valve-in-head) cylinder was universally used in aircraft engines. Poppet, exhaust, inlet valves are shown and explained in action and in diagrams. Valve springs, one inside the other, close the valves. (6:09-10:07). Cams, cam followers, tappets, push rods, and rocker arms are shown and explained in action. The location of the cams are shown for a V-type engine on the camshaft. Cams are located on the cam drum in a radial-type engine, also shown in diagrams (10:08-11:33). Tapered and grooved pistons are explained, as well as their compression, oil, and oil control rings. The piston pin is shown in action (11:34-13:31). The connecting rod transmits the force from the wrist pin to the crankshaft. Radial engine master rods and linked rods are explained (13:32-14:09). The crankcase construction and purpose are explained (14:10-15:44). The power section of a radial engine is shown, including the supercharger impeller. Mounting lugs, the blower section, and accessory drive gears are shown are shown (15:45-18:43). Components of a twin row radial engine are shown by removing one layer at a time (18:44-20:36). The lubricating system is explained while viewing a propeller spinning on a still aircraft. A diagram explains the pressure pump and scavenging pump. Pressure gauge connections provides a line to the oil pressure indicator. A diagram shows the internal oiling system in an air-cooled radial engine. Engine oil is stepped up in a booster pump to change the propeller pitch. The oil lubricates by splash and spray. A crankcase breather helps relieve high internal temperatures and is shown animated (20:37-26:24). The pressure pump and oil drainage is diagramed for valves, pistons, rings, and cylinders for a V-type liquid-cooled engine (26:25-29:42). The cockpit gauges are shown, including the oil pressure and temperature gauges. Oil viscosity is discussed. The oil cooler is diagrammed (29:43-31:49). A pilot get the propeller to spin on a bi-plane in winter weather. The gasoline pressure line is diagrammed with the hopper. The valve to hold open to fill the hopper with diluted oil is shown. The propeller spins on the parked aircraft against a background of snow (31:50-35:04).

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