Anemia in Physiology: Definition, Causes and Classification

Anemia is a physiological condition characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, or hematocrit below normal values for age and sex, resulting in reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.

Causes of Anemia:

Decreased RBC production

Increased RBC destruction (hemolysis)

Blood loss (acute or chronic)

Classification of Anemia:

1. Based on Etiology (Cause):

Blood Loss Anemia: Due to hemorrhage or chronic bleeding

Hemolytic Anemia: Increased destruction of RBCs

Aplastic Anemia: Bone marrow failure

Nutritional Anemia: Iron, vitamin B₁₂, or folic acid deficiency

2. Based on Morphology (RBC Size & Hb Content):

Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia: Iron deficiency, thalassemia

Normocytic Normochromic Anemia: Acute blood loss, hemolysis

Macrocytic Anemia: Vitamin B₁₂ or folate deficiency

3. Based on Pathophysiology:

Decreased RBC Production

Increased RBC Destruction

Blood Loss

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