Antitubercular Drug (Part-03)=Isoniazid = Introduction & Mechanism of Action + FREE Online Test Link

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Tuberculosis, also known as TB, is a contagious bacterial infection that can be found nearly anywhere in the body. Bacteria of tuberculosis may communicate to one person from another by a direct contact like coughing, sneezing, or transmission of air. Tuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous disease infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a treatable, communicable disease that has two general states: latent infection and active infection.

Active Tuberculosis- Active TB is an infection in which the TB bacteria are rapidly multiplying and invading different organs of the body as they are inactive condition. A person who is suffering from active pulmonary TB disease has a strong possibility to spread this infection to others by airborne transmission of infectious particles coughed into the air.

Latent Tuberculosis- Many people how received the infection of TB may not get infected with it immediately. The most common diagnostic test for TB is a skin test, The skin test for TB, otherwise known as a Mantoux tuberculin test.

Classification of Antitubercular drugs-
(1) First-line Antitubercular drugs- Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Streptomycin
(2) Secon line Antitubercular drugs- Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Rifabutin, Terizidone, Cycloserine, Rifapentine, Ethionamide, Prothionamide, Paraamino-salicylic acid (PAS), Amikacin, Kanamycin, Capreomycin
(3)Third line Antitubercular drugs- clofazimine, linezolid, amoxicillin, clavulanate,

Mycolic acids are long fatty acids found in the cell walls of Mycobacterium tuberculosis the causative agent of the disease tuberculosis. They form the major component of the cell wall of mycoplasma species. Mycolic acids are composed of a longer beta-hydroxyl chain with a shorter alpha-alkyl side-chain Each molecule contains between 60 and 90 carbon atoms. M. tuberculosis produces three main types of mycolic acids: alpha-, methoxy-, and keto-. Alpha-mycolic acids make up at least 70% of the mycolic acids of the organism and contain several cyclopropane rings. Mycolic acids have been involved in maintaining a rigid cell shape but also they contribute to the resistance to chemical injury and to the protection of cells against hydrophobic antibiotics.

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