Biomolecules in Food Labels (Grade 10 Science) Discussion Video

This discussion video was created for Grade 10 learners to serve as an aid for their self-learning modules in Science 10. The lesson in this video discusses the major categories of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and the biomolecules content from food labels. Lesson Overview: Biomolecules are organic molecules that are considered macronutrients that should be taken in large amounts by our body. They serve as our main energy source and building blocks of our body. The following are the classifications of important biomolecules. 1. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are the major source of energy for the body. All carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. 2. Lipids Stores energy for later use. Contains fatty acids which serve for its classification. If you eat in moderation, fats are good sources of body fuel. They are considered good emergency food and are efficient energy storage systems. However, an excess quantity of fats is not good for the heart. The reason why fats are not good for the heart is that they tend to clog arteries and overwork the heart. 3. Proteins The second most common molecule is found in the human body (after water). Consists of amino acids which are divided into 9 essential and 11 non-essential amino acids. Essential amino acids are proteins that can’t be synthesized by the body and are found in some of the food we eat. Adults need to obtain eight of them: valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and tryptophan. The ninth amino acid - histidine - is only essential for infants. Your body doesn’t store amino acids, so it needs a regular daily supply of these essential building blocks. Nonessential is a slightly misleading label because these amino acids actually fill essential roles, but since they’re synthesized by your body, they’re not an essential part of your diet. Of the 11 nonessential amino acids, eight are called conditional amino acids. When you’re sick or under significant stress, your body may not be able to produce enough of these amino acids to meet your needs. 4. Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are molecules that code for hereditary traits by controlling the production of protein. Remember our last lesson about central dogma? DNA and RNA are the two kinds of Nucleic acids. The monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides. They are made up of three parts: a five-carbon sugar (pentose), a phosphate group, and a ring-shaped base containing nitrogen. Can you still recall the nitrogen bases and which they pair? Remember, Adenine (A) forms hydrogen bonds with thymine (T) of the other strand (U or Uracil for RNA). Cytosine (C) forms hydrogen bonds with a guanine (G) of the other strand. Reading Nutritional Value Chart of a Food Product 1. Check serving size. Serving size is the basis of the amount of nutrients that you will get based on a specific serving that an individual should consume from the product. Servings Per container the number of serving sizes that can be made from the whole product. 2. Check the number of calories – Calories are the amount of energy intake. 3. Get the % RENI The nutrient amount per serving should be divided by the corresponding RENI of the population group; the quotient is then multiplied by 100. %RENI= (nutrient content per serving)/(RENI of population group) x100 4. Get the % Daily Values %Daily Values is based on the recommended daily allowance of an average person who has an ideal weight and burns 2000/2500 calories a day. Requirements for macronutrients such as fat, sodium, cholesterol, carbs, and fiber are calculated using %DV. They must be between 5%-20% because 5% or less of it indicates a low amount, and 20% or more indicates a high amount. This is because these nutrients must be taken in moderation because they might put a health risk on a person. Reference: DepEd K12. (2019, July). Science Grade 10 Learner’s Materials. [PDF File]. Retrieved from https://www.depedk12.com/2019/07/science-grade-10-learners-materials-pdf.html Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing.

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